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SAMHSA Strategic Initiative #2: Trauma and Justice
Lead Staff: Larke Huang, Director, Office of Behavioral Health Equity
Purpose: To reduce the pervasive, harmful, and costly health impact of violence and trauma by integrating trauma-informed approaches throughout health, behavioral health, and related systems and addressing the behavioral health needs of people involved in or at risk of involvement in the criminal and juvenile justice systems.
Leading Change: A Plan for SAMHSA's Roles and Actions 2011 - 2014 (pdf | 778 kbytes)
Trauma is a widespread, harmful, and costly public health problem. It occurs as a result of violence, abuse, neglect, loss, disaster, war, and other emotionally harmful experiences. Trauma has no boundaries with regard to age, gender, socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, geography, or sexual orientation. It is an almost universal experience of people receiving treatment for mental and substance use disorders. The need to address trauma is increasingly viewed as an important component of effective behavioral health service delivery.
The effects of trauma place a heavy burden on individuals, families, and communities and create challenges for public institutions and service systems. Although many people who experience a traumatic event will go on with their lives without lasting negative effects, others will have more difficulty and experience traumatic stress reactions. Emerging research has documented the relationship among traumatic events, impaired neurodevelopmental and immune system responses, and subsequent health risk behaviors resulting in chronic physical and behavioral disorders. In fact, the chronic stress that often accompanies repeated or unresolved trauma has even been linked to physically observable negative changes in brain development, including a reduction in the size of the hippocampus,45 the portion of the brain associated with long-term memory and spatial reasoning. With appropriate supports and intervention, people can overcome traumatic experiences. However, most people go without these services and supports. Unaddressed trauma significantly increases the risk of mental and substance use disorders, chronic physical diseases, and early death.46
Individuals with experiences of trauma are found in multiple service sectors, not just in behavioral health. Studies of people in the juvenile and criminal justice system reveal high rates of mental and substance use disorders and personal histories of trauma. Children and families in the child welfare system similarly experience high rates of trauma and associated behavioral health problems. Preventing exposure to traumatic events and responding with early interventions and treatment for those experiencing traumatic stress may improve outcomes for these individuals and prevent prolonged involvement with the justice and child welfare systems.
SAMHSA"s programs, data, publications, and grantee projects can be found at their website: http://www.samhsa.gov/traumaJustice/.
45 Shonkoff, J. P., Boyce, W. T., & McEwen, B. S. (2009). Neuroscience, molecular biology, and the childhood roots of health disparities: Building a new framework for health promotion and disease prevention. Journal of the American Medical Association, 301(21), 2252-2259.
46Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration & National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors. (2004). The damaging consequences of violence and trauma. Retrieved March 2, 2011, from http://www.nasmhpd.org/general_files/publications/ntac_pubs/reports/Trau...
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